Phase 1: Tests safety, dosage, and side effects on a small group (20-100) of healthy volunteers or patients.Phase 2: Assesses efficacy and side effects in a larger group (100-300 patients).Phase 3: Confirms efficacy, monitors side effects, and compares the new treatment to existing ones with a broader group (1,000+ patients).Phase 4: Post-marketing studies to monitor long-term effects and ensure..